Tham khảo tài liệu 'giáo trình ngữ nghĩa học tiếng anh – phần 5', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Characteristics The presupposition of an utterance remains the same under its NEGATION 1 a. John stopped smoking. 1 b. John didn t stop smoking. 1 a-b both presuppose that John once smoked cigarettes. 2 a. The dog s tail was cut. 2 b. The dog s tail wasn t cut. 2 a-b both presuppose that the dog had a tail. 3 a. I like his car. 3 b. I don t like his car. 3 a-b both presuppose that he owns a car. The presupposition of an utterance remains the same under its INTERROGATION 4 a. John stopped smoking. 4 b. Did John stop smoking 4 c. Why did John stop smoking 4 a-c all presuppose that John once smoked cigarettes. The presupposition of an utterance may be cancelled under its EXTENSION 5 a. She didn t feel regret at the over-cooked meat. 5 b. She didn t feel regret at the over-cooked meat because it was in fact well-done. http 111 5 a presupposes that the meat was overcooked while 5 b presupposes that the meat was well-done. Classification There exist a number of different types of presupposition. The existential presupposition A possessive45 noun phrase abbreviated to NP a complete statement X had has will have an indefinite46 NP 1. They haven t spoken to each other since their last week s quarrel. countable noun singular their last week s quarrel The utterance presupposes that they had a quarrel last week. 2. I lost my watch yesterday at Bến Thanh market. countable noun singular my watch The utterance presupposes that I had a watch. 3. That her turtle ran away made Emily very sad. countable noun singular her turtle The utterance presupposes that Emily had a pet turtle. 4. John s sister has been in hospital for a week. countable noun singular John s sister The utterance presupposes that John has a sister. 45 My your their John s the book s etc. make a noun phrase possessive. 46The indefinite article a an makes a singular noun phrase indefinite. Respectively to signal that a noun phrase whose head noun is either
