Tham khảo tài liệu 'saladin anatomy and physiology the unity of form and function episode 5', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 8. The Skeletal System I Text Saladin Anatomy Physiology The Unity of Form and Function Third Edition The McGraw-Hill Companies 2003 Transverse process Centrum body Intervertebral disc Inferior articular -process of L3 Superior articular process of L4 Lamina L3 Chapter 8 The Skeletal System 265 Intervertebral foramen b a Figure Articulated Vertebrae. a Dorsal view of vertebrae L3 to L4. fa Left lateral view of vertebrae L1 to L3. Excessive stress can crack the annulus and cause the nucleus to ooze out. This is called a herniated disc ruptured or slipped disc in lay terms and may put painful pressure on the spinal cord or a spinal nerve. To relieve the pressure a procedure called a laminectomy may be performed each lamina is cut and the laminae and spinous processes are removed. This procedure is also used to expose the spinal cord for anatomical study or surgery. Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae We are now prepared to consider how vertebrae differ from one region of the vertebral column to another and from the generalized anatomy just described. Knowing these variations will enable you to identify the region of the spine from which an isolated vertebra was taken. More importantly these modifications in form reflect functional differences among the vertebrae. Cervical Vertebrae The cervical vertebrae C1-C7 are the smallest and lightest ones other than the coccygeals. The first two C1 and C2 have unique structures that allow for head movements fig. . Vertebra C1 is called the atlas because it supports the head in a manner reminiscent of the Titan of Greek mythology who was condemned by Zeus to carry the world on his shoulders. It scarcely resembles the typical vertebra it is little more than a delicate ring surrounding a large vertebral foramen. On each side is a lateral mass with a deeply concave superior articular facet that articulates with the occipital condyle of the skull. A nodding motion of the skull as in gesturing yes causes the occipital .
