Tham khảo tài liệu 'science of everyday things vol. 2 - physics episode 7', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | GAS LAW S CONCEPT Gases respond more dramatically to temperature and pressure than do the other three basic types of matter liquids solids and plasma . For gases temperature and pressure are closely related to volume and this allows us to predict their behavior under certain conditions. These predictions can explain mundane occurrences such as the fact that an open can of soda will soon lose its fizz but they also apply to more dramatic life-and-death situations. HOW IT WORKS Ordinary air pressure at sea level is equal to pounds per square inch a quantity referred to as an atmosphere atm . Because a pound is a unit of force and a kilogram a unit of mass the metric equivalent is more complex in derivation. A newton N or pounds is the metric unit of force and a pascal Pa 1 newton per square meter the unit of pressure. Hence an atmosphere expressed in metric terms is X 105 Pa. Gases vs. Solids AND Liquids A Strikingly Different Response Regardless of the units you use however gases respond to changes in pressure and temperature in a remarkably different way than do solids or liquids. Using a small water sample say gal 1 l an increase in pressure from 1-2 atm will decrease the volume of the water by less than . A temperature increase from 32 to 212 F 0 to 100 C will increase its volume by only 2 The response of a solid to these changes is even less dramatic however the reaction of air a combination of oxygen nitrogen and other gases to changes in pressure and temperature is radically different. For air an equivalent temperature increase would result in a volume increase of 37 and an equivalent pressure increase will decrease the volume by a whopping 50 . Air and other gases also have a boiling point below room temperature whereas the boiling point for water is higher than room temperature and that of solids is much higher. The reason for this striking difference in response can be explained by comparing all three forms of matter in terms .
