Nguyên nhân của thiếu máu bao gồm không đầy đủ chế độ ăn uống chất sắt, acid folic, vitamin A, và thiệt hại thiếu máu do nhiễm ký sinh trùng và sốt rét. Phụ nữ bị thiếu máu nặng hơn dễ bị nhiễm trùng trong quá trình mang thai và sinh con, có gia tăng nguy cơ tử vong do sản khoa xuất huyết, và những rủi ro tác người nghèo trong trường hợp giao hàng mổ lấy thai là cần thiết. | Familial consequences 2 Premature aging apathy and mental confusion3 3 Chronic and debilitating anemia. Between 50 and 90 of pregnant women worldwide with or without prior postpartum hemorrhage suffer from this problem. The causes of anemia include inadequate dietary intake of iron folic acid and vitamin A and anemic losses due to parasitic infestations and malaria. Women with severe anemia are more vulnerable to infection during pregnancy and childbirth are at increased risk of death due to obstetric hemorrhage and are poor operative risks in the event that Cesarean delivery is required. World-wide anemia is considered the most important indirect cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. WHO data estimate that anemia associated with maternal causes in less developed countries in 2000 alone resulted in a loss of women s productivity valued at more than US 5 billion4. Consequences to the children The same postpartum hemorrhage that threatens women s survival can also cause death and disability in newborns. The vast majority of the estimated 8 million perinatal deaths that occur annually in less developed countries are associated with maternal health problems or poor management of labor and delivery5. As an illustration obstructed and prolonged labor both important causes of postpartum hemorrhage asphyxiate an estimated 3 of newborns resulting in death for nearly 25 of these infants and brain damage for another 25 . In addition women suffering from severe anemia resulting from postpartum hemorrhage are more likely to have low birth-weight infants 2500 g in subsequent pregnancies. These low birthweight infants are 20-30 times more likely to die in the first week of life than infants of normal weight and those who survive are more likely to suffer neurological disabilities including cerebral palsy seizures and severe learning disorders2. Consequences to the family and society A mother s disability profoundly affects the family and the community at large due to changes
