Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về bệnh học thý y được đăng trên tạp chí Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về bệnh thú y đề tài: The prevalence of the third and fourth heart sounds in clinically healthy Holstein cattle. | Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica BioMed Central Brief communication Open Access The prevalence of the third and fourth heart sounds in clinically healthy Holstein cattle Ali Rezakhani and Mehdi Zarifi Address Department of Clinical Studies School of Veterinary Medicine Shiraz University Shiraz 71345 Iran Email Ali Rezakhani - rezakhania@ Mehdi Zarifi - mzkalyani@ Corresponding author Published I May 2007 Received 31 May 2006 Acta Veterinaria Scandinavian 2007 49 12 doi 1751-0147-49-12 Accepted 1 May 2007 This article is available from http content 49 1 12 2007 Rezakhani and Zarifi licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http licenses by which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited. Compared to information available on the third and fourth heart sounds in the horse 1 there is a paucity of information on these sounds in cattle in the veterinary literature although auscultation is the main step in clinical examination of both the cardiovascular system and the animal as a whole. Most literatures describe bovine cardiac sounds and mention that all four heart sounds may be heard in cattle 2 3 . A review of veterinary literature failed to find information with regard to the prevalence of the third and fourth heart sounds in clinically healthy cattle. This preliminary study was undertaken to find out the incidence of these sounds in clinically healthy cattle. Three hundred clinically healthy Holstein cattle from 12 dairy farms in Shiraz area were chosen randomly for population to be studied. About 10 minutes after restraining the animals in a stock the cardiac area was auscultated by two clinicians independently and systematically by a Litt-man type stethoscope without consulting with each other and then both clinicians listened the heart .
