Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Respiratory Research cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: The role of unintegrated DNA in HIV infection. | Sloan and Wainberg Retrovirology 2011 8 52 http content 8 1 52 RETROVIROLOGY REVIEW Open Access The role of unintegrated DNA in HIV infection Richard D Sloan and Mark A Wainberg Abstract Integration of the reverse transcribed viral genome into host chromatin is the hallmark of retroviral replication. Yet during natural HIV infection various unintegrated viral DNA forms exist in abundance. Though linear viral cDNA is the precursor to an integrated provirus increasing evidence suggests that transcription and translation of unintegrated DNAs prior to integration may aid productive infection through the expression of early viral genes. Additionally unintegrated DNA has the capacity to result in preintegration latency or to be rescued and yield productive infection and so unintegrated DNA in some circumstances may be considered to be a viral reservoir. Recently there has been interest in further defining the role and function of unintegrated viral DNAs in part because the use of anti-HIV integrase inhibitors leads to an abundance of unintegrated DNA but also because of the potential use of non-integrating lentiviral vectors in gene therapy and vaccines. There is now increased understanding that unintegrated viral DNA can either arise from or be degraded through interactions with host DNA repair enzymes that may represent a form of host antiviral defence. This review focuses on the role of unintegrated DNA in HIV infection and additionally considers the potential implications for antiviral therapy. Review Multiple forms of unintegrated DNA The retrovirus family is characterized by reverse transcription of the viral RNA genome to cDNA and its integration into the host cell genome. Integration of the reverse transcribed cDNA is mediated by the viral encoded and imported integrase enzyme. Integrase excises a dinucleotide from the 3 terminus of the cDNA in a step known as 3 processing. 3 processed viral DNA is then covalently linked to host DNA in a .
