Tham khảo tài liệu 'marine_structural_design episode 8', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 258 Part II Ultimate Strength where 8Cr and a are a critical CTOD and an equivalent crack length respectively. E ơy and Ey are Young s modulus yield stress and yield strain respectively. It is noted that the applied strain emax is evaluated by disregarding the effects of the crack. To achieve a more accurate CTOD prediction we may used the level-3 CTOD method Strain respectively and Jr denotes the member is removed from the structural where ơmax residual welding stress. Failure is assumed to take place and the cracked system when the specified equivalent strain satisfies the selected fracture mechanics criterion. The element forces are applied as unbalanced forces to the system. This fracture mechanics criteria are used for all of the elements presented in this paper. After collision the area where tension-tearing rupture has taken place is considered as the hole . This data is important for the simulation of oil spills resulting from collisions and groundings. Figure Force-displacement Curve for a Non-linear Spring Chapter 13 Collapse Analysis of Ship Hulls 259 Computational Procedures This chapter outlines the computer program SANDY and the computational procedure implemented in the program. Further information can be found in the program manuals Bai Y. 1991 and in publications Bai Pedersen 1991 1993 Bendiksen 1992 . Computer Program SANDY The theory presented in this paper has been implemented in the general-purpose computer program SANDY Bai 1991 . Depending on the problem the following solution procedures can be applied Quasi-static analysis using Load increment Displacement or Automatic loading by using the current stiffness parameter method Bergan Sareide 1978 . Dynamic analysis time integration method 1. Applying dynamic loads as time histories of nodal and element forces 2. Modeling the problem as a structure struck by a deformable mass 3. Applying dynamic loads as initial nodal velocities 4. Earthquake response analysis Computational .
