Bệnh tim bẩm sinh với một tỷ lệ xấp xỉ 1% là phổ biến nhất khuyết tật bẩm sinh, được sử dụng để thực hiện một tiên lượng rất kém. Những tiến bộ trong chẩn đoán và quản lý bệnh nhân bị bệnh tim bẩm sinh về sau này một phần của thế kỷ 20 | 48 Chapters Management of anticoagulation during pregnancy is a balance of risk benefit to the mother and fetus. Knowledge of the interaction of other medications with warfarin heparin and aspirin is essential to their safe and effective use. Further reading Albers GW Dalen JE Laupacis A Manning WJ Petersen P Singer DE 2001 Antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation. Chest 119 194S-206S. Ginsberg JS Greer I Hirsh J 2001 Use of antithrombotic agents during pregnancy. Chest 119 112S-131S. Kearon C Hirsh J 1977 Management of anticoagulation before and after elective surgery. New England Journal of Medicine 336 1506-1511. Monagle P Michelson AD Bovill E Andrew M 2001 Antithrombotic therapy in children. Chest 119 344S-370S. Reller MD 2001 Congenital heart disease current indications for antithrombotic therapy in pediatric patients. Current Cardiology Reports 3 90-95. Stein PD Alpert JS Bussey HI Dalen JE Turpie AGG 2001 Antithrombotic therapy in patients with mechanical and biological prosthetic heart valves. Chest 119 220S-227S. Vitale N De Feo M De Santo LS Pollice A Tedesco N Cotrufo M 1999 Dose-dependent fetal complications of warfarin in pregnant women with mechanical heart valves. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 33 1637-1641. Wells PS Holbrook AM Crowther NR et al. 1994 Interaction of warfarin with drugs and food a critical review of the literature. Annals of Internal Medicine 121 676-683. Adult Congenital Heart Disease A Practical Guide Michael A. Gatzoulis Lorna Swan Judith Therrien George A. Pantely Copyright 2005 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd CHAPTER 6 Lifestyle Issues Exercise Exercise capacity has been shown to be greatly diminished in patients with congenital heart disease whether unrepaired or repaired . Maximum oxygen uptake is about half the predicted normal level for age and sex and diminishes with age. Factors responsible for a diminished exercise capacity are thought to include diminished vital capacity chronotopic incompetence .
