Tìm hiểu về các khái niệm được trình bày trong chương này sẽ cho phép các học sinh: 1. Giải thích lý do tại sao các sinh vật lớn đòi hỏi một hệ thống tuần hoàn, trong khi một tế bào nhỏ và sinh vật đa bào | cha pter Introduction to the Cardiovascular System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES THE NEED FOR A CIRCULATORY SYSTEM THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM THE FUNCTIONS OF THE HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS Heart Vascular System Interdependence of Circulatory and Organ Function THE REGULATION OF CARDIAC AND VASCULAR FUNCTION THE CONTENT OF THE FOLLOWING CHAPTERS SUMMARY OF IMPORTANT CONCEPTS REVIEW QUESTIONS LEARNING OBJECTIVES Understanding the concepts presented in this chapter will enable the student to 1. Explain why large organisms require a circulatory system while single-cell and small multicellular organisms do not. 2. Describe the series and parallel arrangement of the cardiac chambers pulmonary circulation and major organs of the systemic circulation. 3. Describe the pathways for the flow of blood through the heart chambers and large vessels associated with the heart. 4. Describe in general terms the primary functions of the heart and vasculature. 5. Explain how the autonomic nerves and kidneys serve as a negative feedback system for the control of arterial blood pressure. 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 3 Systemic Circulation FIGURE 1-1 Overview of the cardiovascular system. The right side of the heart pulmonary circulation left side of the heart and systemic circulation are arranged in series. RA right atrium RV right ventricle PA pulmonary artery Ao aorta LA left atrium LV left ventricle. ventricle pumps it into the pulmonary circulation where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the blood and alveolar gases. The left side of the heart comprises the left atrium and the left ventricle. The blood leaving the lungs enters the left atrium by way of the pulmonary veins. Blood then flows from the left atrium into the left ventricle. The left ventricle ejects the blood into the aorta which then distributes the blood to all the organs via the arterial system. Within the organs the vasculature branches into smaller and smaller vessels eventually .
