Có vẻ như có khả năng lớn các biến thể địa lý trong các bệnh tim mạch (CVD) tỷ lệ mắc và tử vong, w2 mặc dù ít nhất một phần di truyền có nguồn gốc, bị ảnh hưởng bởi các yếu tố diễn xuất prenatally và trong cuộc sống sớm, hoặc bởi một sự kết hợp của các yếu tố hiện diện trong suốt quá trình cuộc sống. | 27 Fetal and infant markers of adult heart diseases Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin There is growing evidence of an increasingly complex and multifactorial aetiology of heart w1 It seems likely that the large geographic variations in cardiovascular disease CVD morbidity and mortality w2 even though at least partly genetic in origin are influenced by factors acting prenatally and in early life or by a combination of factors present throughout the life course. Changes in fetal growth pattern have been related to adult disease risk 1 and there are many theories about the underlying mechanisms affecting cell division during critical periods of tissue development. The critical periods vary according to the tissue in question and that is why there have been attempts to explore the timing of exposure in order to predict more specifically the adult disease risk. This article examines firstly the historical evolution of theories on childhood factors which have an influence in adulthood secondly what is known today about the effect of early life factors on heart disease risk and thirdly the specific problems in longitudinal studies which explore these factors and adult disease risk. Dawn of the hypothesis of the 20th century Biological programming a new theoretical model about the aetiology of heart disease The dawn of modern epidemiology came after the second world war first with ecological studies comparing CVD incidence and mortality and subsequently multicentre cross sectional and follow up studies on The studies showed that populations with high CVD mortality have high cholesterol and high blood pressure and that smoking and obesity are common among these This led to the lifestyle model in understanding the aetiology of chronic diseases where the key issues are health behaviour and the interaction between genes and an adverse environment in adult life. This was consequently followed by intervention programmes which have significantly improved .
