và máy chủ là mệnh để nhận được nó. Hơn nữa, tính chất phân phối của Gnutella có nghĩa là không có một nơi mà một cơ quan thực thi có thể trồng một màn hình mạng để theo dõi thông tin liên lạc của hệ thống. Gnutella là lây lan khắp mạng Internet, và cách duy nhất để | Peer to Peer Harnessing the Power of Disruptive Technologies Listen to Napster In the present circumstance the message that comes from paying attention to the users is simple Listen to Napster. Listen to what the rise of Napster is saying about peer-to-peer because as important as Groove or Freenet or OpenCOLA may become Napster is already a mainstream phenomenon. Napster has had over 40 million client downloads at the time of this writing. Its adoption rate has outstripped NCSA Mosaic Hotmail and even ICQ the pioneer of P2P addressing. Because Napster is what the users are actually spending their time using the lessons we can take from Napster are still our best guide to the kind of things that are becoming possible with the rise of peer-to-peer architecture. It s the applications stupid The first lesson Napster holds is that it was written to solve a problem - limitations on file copying -and the technological solutions it adopted were derived from the needs of the application not vice versa. The fact that the limitations on file copying are legal ones matters little to the technological lessons to be learned from Napster because technology is often brought to bear to solve nontechnological problems. In this case the problem Shawn Fanning Napster s creator set out to solve was a gap between what was possible with digital songs endless copying at a vanishingly small cost and what was legal. The willingness of the major labels to destroy any file copying system they could reach made the classic Web model of central storage of data impractical meaning Napster had to find a non-Web-like solution. Decentralization is a tool not a goal The primary fault of much of the current thinking about peer-to-peer lies in an if we build it they will come mentality where interesting technological challenges of decentralizing applications are assumed to be the only criterion that a peer-to-peer system needs to address in order to succeed. The enthusiasm for .
