Như là phép ẩn dụ của Darwin, thử nghiệm không thể tiến hành mà không có những sai lầm. Trong thực tế, toàn bộ các điểm thử nghiệm là để tìm hiểu theo cách của bạn để thành công thông qua sự thất bại. Tuy nhiên, ở đây chúng tôi gặp phải một nghịch lý khác. | Fostering Innovation through Experimentation 213 The Power of Mistakes As the Darwinian metaphor suggests experimentation can t proceed without mistakes. In fact the whole point of experimentation is to learn your way to success through failure. Yet here we encounter another paradox. Successful organizations are by definition organizations that do things right. They are filled with people who are justly proud of their technical administrative and managerial prowess and who have risen within the organization largely because of their ability to make things work usually the first time. Such people set and meet high personal standards of success they consider failure a mark of shame and do everything possible to avoid it. All of this is natural and even admirable. Yet multiplied across the breadth of an entire company these human qualities can produce an organization that is risk-averse shunning uncertainty and error in favor of repeating what has worked in the past. The measurement and reward systems used by many companies encourage the same tendency. In an organization where punishment disapproval career stagnation or even discharge are the likely response to mistakes people quickly learn to avoid mistakes when they can and cover them up where they can t. And of course concealing a failure ensures that no one will learn from it. Thus learning from experimentation requires a mistake-friendly knowledge-sharing culture something that is much easier to describe than to create and sustain. Fostering Innovation through Experimentation There are a number of powerful techniques that various companies have developed for fostering a culture in which constant experimentation is generated. New-Business Venturing In imitation of business incubators such as Idealab and CMGI mature companies are increasingly creating their own venture capital 214 IMPLEMENTING AND EXPERIMENTING funds and new-business incubators. These provide an environment in which both internal and external .
