Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Critical Care giúp cho các bạn có thêm kiến thức về ngành y học đề tài: New tricks for old NODs. | Minireview New tricks for old NODs Eric M Pietras and Genhong Cheng Addresses Department of Microbiology Immunology and Molecular Genetics fMolecular Biology Institute Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA. Correspondence Genhong Cheng. Email gcheng@ Published 25 April 2008 Genome Biology 2008 9 217 doi gb-2008-9-4-217 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http 2008 9M 217 2008 BioMed Central Ltd Abstract Recent work has identified the human NOD-like receptor NLRXI as a negative regulator of intracellular signaling leading to type I interferon production. Here we discuss these findings and the questions and implications they raise regarding the function of NOD-like receptors in the antiviral response. Upon infection with a pathogen the host cell must recognize its presence communicate this to neighboring cells and tissues and initiate a biological response to limit the spread of infection and clear the pathogen. Recognition of invading microbes proceeds via specialized intracellular and extracellular proteins termed pattern recognition receptors PRRs which recognize conserved molecular motifs found on pathogens known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns PAMPs . Recognition of PAMPs by PRRs leads to the activation of downstream transcription factors resulting in induction of programs of host defense gene expression designed to effect immunity to the pathogen. In the innate immune response to viruses the genes activated include those for the type I interferons - the primary cytokines mediating the innate response to viral infection. In mammals these comprise IFNP 13 IFNas and the more recently discovered IFNffl. Type I interferons signal via the IFNa P receptor to induce further sets of genes that regulate cellular metabolic processes intracellular nutrient availability apoptotic responses and direct elimination of
