Thường xuyên hơn, chúng tôi báo cáo của độ lệch chuẩn, căn bậc hai của phương sai, vì nó là trong các đơn vị giống như quan sát của chúng tôi. Báo cáo độ lệch chuẩn có giá trị hơn nữa nếu quan sát của chúng tôi đến từ một phân bố bình thường như mô tả trong hình. 1,29, | CHAPTER 2 PROBABILITY 59 C. Opinions of several individuals whose names you obtained by sticking a pin through a phone book and calling the pinned name on each page D. Opinions of an ardent Democrat and an ardent Republican E. Today s price in Australian dollars of the Euro and the Japanese yen. Exercise . On the basis of the results in the following contingency tables would you say that sex and survival are independent of one another in Table A In Table B Table A Table A Alive Dead Men 15 5 Women 15 10 Table B Table B Alive Dead Men 15 10 Women 15 8 Exercise . Provide an example in which an observation X is independent of the value taken by an observation Y X is independent of a third observation Z and Y is independent of Z but X Y and Z are dependent. . APPLICATIONS TO GENETICS All the information needed to construct an organism whether a pea plant a jellyfish or a person is encoded in its genes. Each gene contains the information needed to construct a single protein. Each of our cells has two copies of each gene one obtained from our mother and one from our father. We will contribute just one of these copies to each of our offspring. Whether it is the copy we got from our father or the one from our mother is determined entirely by chance. You could think of this as flipping a coin One side says mother s gene the other side says father s gene. Each time a sperm is created in our testis or an ovum in our ovar y the coin is flipped. There may be many forms of a single gene each such form is called an allele. Some alleles are defective incapable of constructing the necessary protein. For example my mother was rh- meaning that both her copies of the rh gene were incapable of manufacturing the rh protein that is found in red blood cells. This also means that the copy of the rh gene I obtained from my mother was rh-. But my blood tests positive for the rh protein which means that the rh gene I got from my father was rh . Exercise . The mother of my .
