. Giai đoạn đầu của điều trị trong đó bao gồm việc giúp đỡ các thành viên trong gia đình thay đổi phong cách attributional của họ để họ có thuộc tính hành vi tích cực đến các yếu tố cá nhân và hành vi tiêu cực đến các yếu tố tình huống. | 236 PROCESSES IN FAMILY THERAPY Setting Goals and Contracting for Therapy The contracting process involves establishing clearly defined and realistic goals and outlining a plan to work towards those goals in light of the formulation presented at the end of the assessment stage. Clear realistic visualised goals that are fully accepted by all family members and that are perceived to be moderately challenging are crucial for effective therapy. Asking clients to visualise in concrete detail precisely how they would go about their day-to-day activities if the problem were solved is a particularly effective way of helping clients to articulate therapeutic goals. For example Imagine it s a year from now and the problem is solved. It s a Monday morning at your house. What is happening Give me a blow-by-blow description of what everyone is doing Suppose your difficulties were sorted out and someone sneaked into your house and made a video of you all going about your business as usual. What would we all see if we watched this videotape If there were a miracle tomorrow and your problem was solved what would be happening in your life This last question which owes its origin to Milton Erickson plays a central role in deShazer s 1988 solution-focused approach to therapy. He refers to it as the miracle question . Questions that ask the client to visualise some intermediate step along the road to problem resolution may help clients to elaborate intermediate goals or to clarify the endpoint at which they are aiming. Here are some questions that fall into this category Just say this problem was half-way better. What would you notice different about the way your mother father brother sister talked to each other What would be the difference between the way you argue now and the way you would argue if you were half-way down the road to solving this difficulty The following goal-setting questions involve asking clients about the minimum degree of change that would need to occur for them
