vòng lặp cho phép các chương trình để thực hiện lặp đi lặp lại cùng một khối mã bất kỳ số lần. Vòng lặp thường quản lý truy cập xác định số lần lặp đã được thực hiện hoặc số lượng lặp đi lặp lại mà vẫn còn. Tất cả các vòng lặp bao gồm một số tuyên bố có điều kiện xác định khi vòng lặp bị gián | Windows Fundamentals 95 Relocations are important for several reasons. First of all they re the reason why there are never absolute addresses in executable headers only in code. Whenever you have a pointer inside the executable header it ll always be in the form of a relative virtual address RVA . An RVA is just an offset into the file. When the file is loaded and is assigned a virtual address the loader calculates real virtual addresses out of RVAs by adding the module s base address where it was loaded to an RVA. Image Sections An executable image is divided into individual sections in which the file s contents are stored. Sections are needed because different areas in the file are treated differently by the memory manager when a module is loaded. A common division is to have a code section also called a text section containing the executable s code and a data section containing the executable s data. In load time the memory manager sets the access rights on memory pages in the different sections based on their settings in the section header. This determines whether a given section is readable writable or executable. The code section contains the executable s code and the data sections contain the executable s initialized data which means that they contain the contents of any initialized variable defined anywhere in the program. Consider for example the following global variable definition char szMessage Welcome to my program Regardless of where such a line is placed within a C C program inside or outside a function the compiler will need to store the string somewhere in the executable. This is considered initialized data. The string and the variable that point to it szMessage will both be stored in an initialized data section. Section Alignment Because individual sections often have different access settings defined in the executable header and because the memory manager must apply these access settings when an executable image is loaded sections must typically
