Lợi nhuận từ hoạt động kinh doanh cho năm kết thúc năm 1998 đã được trình bày lại USD từ $, và $ $ cho chín tháng đầu năm 1999. Thủ phạm chính là phương pháp kế toán của công ty cho chi phí quảng cáo trả cho các nhà bán lẻ. Doanh thu của công ty thực tiễn công nhận và số tiền ghi cho chi phí vốn hàng bán và chi phí môi giới và phân phối cũng là một phần của | Earnings Management A Closer Look As can be seen in Exhibit a wide range of cover-up techniques is used. Examples noted in this small set of SEC cases include the following Discarding invoice copies Creating false documents invoices purchase orders shipping documents and other records Including fake items in inventory30 Recording false journal entries Backdating agreements Changing computer clocks Scanning in and altering legitimate documents Reading a substantial number of AAERs is a sobering experience. They reveal that abusive earnings management is clearly with us and that some managers will go to almost any length to alter the apparent financial performance of the firm. Moreover they demonstrate substantial determination and creativity on the part of the typically senior management of the companies involved. The combination of collusion and creativity as well as the apparent willingness to risk imprisonment presents a formidable challenge when it comes to detecting these activities. The combination of the conditions and incentives for earnings management outlined in Exhibit exerts an influence that some company officers find irresistible. The prevalence of abusive earnings management cannot be judged simply from the number of cases pursued by the SEC. With only a couple of hundred cases a year and over 10 000 SEC registrants one might argue that abusive earnings management is not a significant threat. However the initiatives taken in this and related areas by the leadership of the SEC imply that they see abusive earnings management as a significant problem. Moreover our discussions with members of the business community along with the survey results presented in Chapter 5 leave us with the impression that the cases pursued by the SEC may simply be the tip of an iceberg. Again the activity of the SEC clearly provides concrete evidence of earnings management. Some of the academic research in this area which adopts quite different methodologies also .
