Bằng trực giác, kết quả này không an toàn từ sự phụ thuộc của các bản mã của một khối khi văn bản cho khối đồng bằng và các bản mã của khối trước. Nếu hai khối năng suất các bản mã tương tự, và các plaintexts khối tiếp theo cũng giống hệt nhau, sau đó ciphertexts của khối tiếp theo sẽ giống hệt nhau. | 232 Chapter 12 Grid Networks and Layer 1 Services INTERACTION WITH GRID MIDDLEWARE Grid middleware can be defined as software and services that orchestrate separate resources across the Grid allowing applications to seamlessly and securely share computers data networks and instruments. Several research initiatives investigating the integration of the optical control plane with Grid middleware are underway. There are several key research challenges that must be addressed exchange of information between middleware and the optical control plane how often the status information is updated coordination of layer 1 network resources and other Grid resources per request inter-domain exchange of information integrating Grid security for the network resources. INTEGRATING NOVEL OPTICAL TECHNOLOGIES In recent years there have been several advances in optical technologies which may have a significant impact on how networks are designed and implemented today and in the near future for example laboratory experiments with 1000 high-capacity channels per fiber and electronic dispersion compensation. Integration of advanced optical prototypes into Grid network and computing research testbeds is rare in today s research environments. This is clearly one of the great obstacles of future network research as reported in ref. 35. Interdisciplinary research is the key to integration of advanced optical technologies into current state of the art as well as current Grid research on network architecture and protocols. For example as advanced breakthroughs in the handling of optical physical layer impairments occur it will become more likely that larger deployments of all-photonic islands will be seen. Experimenting with such prototypes could lead to radical architectural advances in network design. Another consideration is that all-photonic switches are continuously reducing their reconfiguration times. Today Microelectromechanical System MEMS -based switches have .
