Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Minireview cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: Shuffling of cis-regulatory elements is a pervasive feature of the vertebrate lineage. | Research Open Access Shuffling of cis-regulatory elements is a pervasive feature of the vertebrate lineage Remo Sanges Eva KalmaV Pamela Claudiani Maria D Amato Ferenc Muller and Elia Stupka Addresses Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine Via P. Castellino 80131 Napoli Italy. institute of Toxicology and Genetics Forschungzenbrum Karlsruhe Postfach 3640 D-76021 Karlsruhe Germany. Correspondence Ferenc Muller. Email . Elia Stupka. Email elia@ Published 19 July 2006 Genome Biology 2006 7 R56 doi 186 gb-2006-7-7-r56 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http 2006 7 7 R56 Received 27 March 2006 Revised 5 April 2006 Accepted 27 June 2006 2006 Sanges et al. licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http licenses by which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background All vertebrates share a remarkable degree of similarity in their development as well as in the basic functions of their cells. Despite this attempts at unearthing genome-wide regulatory elements conserved throughout the vertebrate lineage using BLAST-like approaches have thus far detected noncoding conservation in only a few hundred genes mostly associated with regulation of transcription and development. Results We used a unique combination of tools to obtain regional global-local alignments of orthologous loci. This approach takes into account shuffling of regulatory regions that are likely to occur over evolutionary distances greater than those separating mammalian genomes. This approach revealed one order of magnitude more vertebrate conserved elements than was previously reported in over 2 000 genes including a high number of genes found in the membrane and extracellular regions. Our analysis .
