.45 Độc lập với các nhà nghiên cứu, Apple đã giới thiệu một chương trình gọi là HyperCard cho Macintosh năm 1987. HyperCard thực hiện chỉ là một phần của các khái niệm về siêu văn bản như van Dam hoặc Nelson hiểu các khái niệm, nhưng nó đã được đơn giản, dễ sử dụng, | 302 Chapter 9 He remained close to but always outside of the academic and research community and his ideas inspired work at Brown University led by Andries van Independently of these researchers Apple introduced a program called HyperCard for the Macintosh in 1987. HyperCard implemented only a fraction of the concepts of hypertext as van Dam or Nelson understood the concept but it was simple easy to use and even easy for a novice to program. For all its limits HyperCard brought the notion of nonlinear text and graphics out of the laborator y setting. In the midst of all that sprouted the Internet with a sudden and unexpected need for a way to navigate through its rich and everincreasing It is still too early to write the history of what happened next. Tim Berners-Lee who wrote the original Web prototype in late 1990 has written a brief memoir of that time but the full story has yet to be Berners-Lee developed the Web while at CERN the European particle physics laboratory. He stated that t he Web s major goal was to be a shared information space through which people and machines could communicate. This space was to be inclusive rather than exclusive. 48 He was especially concerned with allowing communication across computers and software of different types. He also wanted to avoid the structure of most databases which forced people to put information into categories before they knew if such classifications were appropriate or not. To these ends he devised a Universal Resource Identifier later called the Uniform Resource Locator or URL that could point to any document or any other type of resource in the universe of information. 49 In place of the File Transfer Protocol then in use he created a more sophisticated Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP which was faster and had more features. Finally he defined a Hypertext Markup Language HTML for the movement of hypertext across the network. Within a few years these abbreviations along with WWW .
