Tham khảo tài liệu 'ree to choose a personal statement phần 2', kinh doanh - tiếp thị, quản trị kinh doanh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | The Power of the Market 25 A BROADER VIEW Adam Smith s invisible hand is generally regarded as referring to purchases or sales of goods or services for money. But economic activity is by no means the only area of human life in which a complex and sophisticated structure arises as an unintendedconsequence of a large number of individuals cooperating while each pursues his own interests. Consider for example language. It is a complex structure that is continually changing and developing. It has a well-defined order yet no central body planned it. No one decided what words should be admitted into the language what the rules of grammar should be which words should be adjectives which nouns. The French Academy does try to control changes in the French language but that was a late development. It was established long after French was already a highly structured language and it mainly serves to put the seal of approval on changes over which it has no control. There have been few similar bodies for other languages. How did language develop In much the same way as an economic order develops through the market out ofthe voluntary interaction of individuals in this case seeking to trade ideas or information or gossip rather than goods and services with one another. One or another meaning was attributed to a word or words were added as the need arose. Grammatical usages developed and were later codified into rules. Two parties who want to communicate with one another both benefit from coming to a common agreement about the words they use. As a wider and wider circle of people find it advantageous to communicate with one another a common usage spreads and is codified in dictionaries. At no point is there any coercion any central planner who has power to command though in more recent times government school systems have played an important role in standardizing usage. Another example is scientific knowledge. The structure of disciplines physics chemistry meteorology philosophy .
