Ở các nước phát triển, hầu hết các fossilfuels được trợ giá. Những trợ cấp này có thể được giảm dần, để làm cho thị trường năng lượng tái tạo với costcompetitiveness. b) Tiếp cận với truyền: Một truyền mở truy cập hệ thống có thể cho phép điện sự xoay giữa người mua và người bán cung cấp truy cập mở cho khách hàng. | a Fossil-Fuels Subsidy In developing countries most of the fossilfuels are subsidized. These subsidies may be reduced gradually to make renewable-energy marketable with costcompetitiveness. b Access to Transmission An open-access transmission-system may allow power-wheeling between buyer and seller that provides open access to customers. Transmission-services should not discriminate against or give unfair advantage to specific ownership or certain types of generation. For example in India open-wheeling policies have been credited with helping catalyze the wind-energy industry industrial firms may even produce their windpower in regions with good wind-resources and transfer the power over the transmissionsystem for the use in their own facilities -or for sales to a third party. Similarly in Brazil reduction of fees for transmission-wheeling has been credited with promoting and giving boost to the small-hydro industry. c Environmental Policy Emissions standards monitoring requirements and other aspects of environmental policy can be integrated to strengthen power-sector changes. For example enforced emissionmonitoring can promote green power markets. Major power-sector changes occur using political leverage to incorporate environment friendly policies. Advocates of renewable energies should anticipate this opportunity. d Renewable-Energy Pricing The electricity feed-in laws in Germany and similar policies in other European countries in the 1990s required purchase of renewable-energy power at a fixed price. For instance in Germany power producer could sell the utility at 90 of the retail market price. Feed-in laws led to a rapid increase in installed-capacity and development of commercial renewable-energy markets in particular in Germany and Spain. Partly because retail prices have been falling with competition making renewable-energy producers and financiers more wary the new German Renewable Energy Law now change pricing to that based on production-costs rather than
