Truyền tải dịch vụ không nên phân biệt đối xử chống lại, hoặc lợi thế không công bằng, quyền sở hữu cụ thể hoặc một số loại của thế hệ. Ví dụ, ở Ấn Độ-sự xoay chính sách mở đã được ghi với xúc tác cho ngành công nghiệp năng lượng gió, | - Most of Africa s biomass energy-use is in sub-Saharan Africa. Biomass accounts for 5 of North African 15 of South African and 86 of sub-Saharan minus South Africa consumption. - Wood alongwith charcoal is the most commonly used form and it is the most detrimental to the environment. - South Africa is unique in sub-Saharan Africa as biomass accounts for only 15 of its energy-consumption. There is a range of energy options available in South Africa biomass kerosene coal liquefied petroleum gas LPG and solar range of choices reflects the country s high level of economic development relative to other African countries. Wood as Traditional Fuels - Deforestation is now one of the most pressing environmental problems faced by most African nations and one of the primary causes of deforestation is utilization of wood as fuel. - Women and children suffer disproportionately from negative healtheffect due to the smoke generated with the use of fuelwood for cooking smoke is a carcinogen and causes respiratory problems . About 75 of wood harvested in sub-Saharan Africa is used for household cooking. - Production of traditional fuels is often insufficient to satisfy the rising demand. Fuel available to the poorest communities is expected to decline which will intensify environmental degradation in those communities. - End-use efficiency for most traditional fuels is low. A high concentration of fuels is needed to produce a low level of energy and a significant share is wasted. Photovoltaic Solar Power - Several African nations have made considerable advances in the use of photovoltaic PV power. - In Kenya a series of rural electrification and other programs has resulted in the installation of more than 20 000 small-scale PV- - 67 - systems since 1986. These PV systems now play a significant role in decentralized and sustainable electrification. - The direct conversion of solar into electrical energy with solar PV cells does not at this stage seem to be an economic .
