Cosmetic Dermatology - part 6

Trong số tám týp huyết thanh, A là mạnh nhất. í loại độc tố Botulinum A và loại B là những týp huyết thanh chỉ thương mại và được sử dụng cho các chỉ dẫn y tế khác nhau, bao gồm cả điều trị mỹ phẩm. độc tố Botulinum í thư giãn các cơ bắp cơ bản của biểu thức, dẫn đến giảm sự hình thành các nếp gấp da. | Chapter 5 Botulinum Toxin Cheryl M. Burgess 5 Core Messages Clostridium botulinum produces eight serologically distinct toxins A B Ca cp D E F G. Of the eight serotypes A is the most potent. Botulinum toxin type A and type B are the only commercially available serotypes and are used for various medical indications including cosmetic treatment. Botulinum toxin relaxes the underlying muscles of expression leading to a reduction in the formation of skin creases. Over time regular maintenance treatments can lead to the disappearance of these creases. Botulinum toxin is safe and effective in all skin types Fitzpatrick I-VI . Indications . 88 Botulinum Toxin Type A . 88 Botox Medical . 88 Botox Cosmetic . 88 Dysport . 88 Botulinum Toxin Type B . 88 Patient Selection . 88 Managing Patient Expectations . 88 Pretreatment Considerations . 89 Postinjection Considerations . 89 Contraindications . 89 Treatment and Clinical Management . 89 Botulinum Toxin Type A. 90 Botulinum Toxin Type B . 91 Complications Adverse Reactions . . 91 Other Reported Side Effects . 91 Prognosis Outcome . 91 References . 92 Introduction Contents Introduction . 83 Scientific Background . 84 Availability . 84 History of Treatment Using Botulinum Toxin . 85 Partial List for the Use of Botulinum Toxin . 85 Muscles Involved in Treatment Using Botulinum Toxin . 86 The formation of crease lines and rhytids is a natural component of the aging process. As individuals enter their 30s and 40s fine lines creases rhytids and sagging skin become apparent and deep furrows and frown scowl lines often develop. Such furrows and frown scowl lines are referred to as dynamic rhytids because they arise when we laugh frown or smile and are caused by the repeated forces generated by the underlying muscles. These hyperkinetic muscles include the frontalis responsible for forehead furrows .