Việc sử dụng đơn giản của quản lý dự án, ngay cả đối với một thời gian dài, không nhất thiết dẫn đến sự xuất sắc. Thay vào đó, nó có thể dẫn đến những sai lầm lặp đi lặp lại và những gì tồi tệ hơn, học hỏi từ những sai lầm của riêng bạn chứ không phải từ những sai lầm của người khác. | Historical Basis 13 External Internal Analysis Analysis FIGURE 2-1. Basic strategic planning. Budgets Budgets FIGURE 2-2. Hierarchy of strategic plans. Source Unknown. Supporting Plans Budgets Strategic Plans 14 IMPACT OF ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ON PROJECT MANAGEMENT TABLE 2-2. STRATEGIC FACTORS IN ACHIEVING EXCELLENCE Factor Short-Term Applications Long-Term Implications Qualitative Provide educational training Dispel illusion of a need for authority Share accountability Commit to estimates and deliverables Provide visible executive support and sponsorship Emphasize cross-functional working relationships and team building Organizational De-emphasize policies and procedures Emphasize guidelines Use project charters Create project management career path Provide project managers with reward penalty power Use nondedicated crossfunctional teams Quantitative Use a single tool for planning scheduling and controlling Use estimating databases project management In answering this question it would be futile to expect managers to implement immediately all of the changes needed to set up modern project management in their companies. What senior managers needed was a plan expressed in terms of three broad critical success factors qualitative factors organizational factors and quantitative factors. To take advantage of the economic outlook whatever it happened to be at a given time senior managers needed a plan like the one shown in Table 2-2. 3 Principles of Strategic Planning GENERAL STRATEGIC PLANNING Strategic planning is the process of formulating and implementing decisions about an organization s future direction. This has been shown in Figure 2-1. This process is vital to every organization s survival because it is the process by which the organization adapts to its ever-changing environment and the process is applicable to all management levels and all types of organizations. Let s look at the first step in strategic planning the formulation process is the process of .
