Lý do cho việc lựa chọn để trình bày các mô hình chúng tôi xem xét một cách liên tục là bởi vì chúng tôi không nhằm tạo ra một mô hình kết hợp học tập đặt ra để phản ánh sự phức tạp của lĩnh vực này. | Figure 7 The four bipolar Extraversion E Sensing S A Introversion I Intuition N F discontinuous scales Thinking T Feeling F of the MBTI F Judging J Perceiving P Table 11 ISTJ ISFJ ISTP INTP The 16 MBTI INTJ INFJ ISFP INFP personality types ESTJ ESFJ ESTP ENTP ENTJ ENFJ ESFP ENFP Table 12 Type Positive traits Negative traits Summary of the 10 most common MBTI types Source Thorne INFP Artistic reflective sensitive Careless lazy INFJ Sincere sympathetic unassuming Submissive weak and Gough 1999 INTP Candid ingenious shrewd Complicated rebellious INTJ Discreet industrious logical Deliberate methodical ISTJ Calm stable steady Cautious conventional ENFP Enthusiastic outgoing spontaneous Changeable impulsive ENFJ Active pleasant sociable Demanding impatient ENTP Enterprising friendly resourceful Headstrong self-centred ENTJ Ambitious forceful optimistic Aggressive egotistical ESTJ Contented energetic practical Prejudiced self-satisfied Table 13 Dimension Male respondents Female respondents Authors report of test-retest reliability of the MBTI Form G E-I S-N T-F J-P The MBTI has been included in this review because it has had a considerable academic impact an estimated 2000 articles were written about the instrument between 1985 and 1995 Hammer 1996 Thorne and Gough 1999 while the bibliographic service at the Center for the Application of Psychological Type currently holds 240 references to the mBtI and learning styles. Moreover the MBTI is the most popularly used measure in the consultancy and training world Furnham 1996a 307 and is widely used in medicine Thompson and Bing-You 1998 Stilwell et al. 1998 Houghton 2000 as well as in business management and religious communities both as a career development and managerial tool. Pittenger 1993 reports that over 2m copies of the MBTI are sold annually. Definition description and scope. The instrument has a series of forced-choice questions relating to four bipolar discontinuous scales as
