Sau đó là, tất nhiên, chính xác. Nhưng sự khác biệt chính giữa nợ trong nước và nước ngoài vẫn là viết tắt của: thanh toán lãi suất nợ nước ngoài giảm thu nhập quốc gia và do đó làm cơ sở thuế của nền kinh tế. Vì vậy, điều quan trọng là để tách các phân tích giữa bên ngoài và nội bộ (cung và cầu) những cú sốc. Một cú sốc tiêu cực bên ngoài (đối với | David Ricardo Principles ofPolitical Economy and Taxation 35 another so much as will cost 2 000 that therefore one would be of the value of 1 000 and the other of the value of 2 000 but I have said that their value will be to each other as two to one and that in those proportions they will be exchanged. It is of no importance to the truth of this doctrine whether one of these commodities sells for 1 100 and the other for 2 200 or one for 1 500 and the other for 3 000 into that question I do not at present enquire I affirm only that their relative values will be governed by the relative quantities of labour bestowed on their Section VII. Different effects from the alteration in the value of money the medium in which I KKi is always expressed or from the alteration in the value of the commodities which money purchases. Although I shall as I have already explained have occasion to consider money as invariable in value for the purpose of more distinctly pointing out the causes ofrelative variations. in the value of other things it maybe useful to notice the different effects which will follow from the prices of goods being altered by the causes to which I have already adverted namely the different quantities of labour required to produce them and their being altered by a variation in the value of money itself. Money being a variable commodity the rise of money-wages will be frequently occasioned by a fall in the value of money. A rise of wages from this cause will indeed be invariably accompanied by a rise in the price of commodities but in such cases it will be found that labour and all commodities have not varied in regard to each other and that the variation has been confined to money. Money from its being a commodity obtained from a foreign country from its being the general medium of exchange between all civilized countries and from its being also distributed among those countries in proportions which are ever changing with every improvement in .
