các payoffs để giáo dục về kết quả phát triển gần đây đã được quan trọng của tính hữu dụng của nó trong phân tích, chính xác bởi vì họ đã chỉ tập trung vào năm của giáo dục chứ không phải là chất lượng của các trường học hoặc các kết quả của nhận thức này tiếp xúc cụ thể để học được những gì. | Sub-Saharan Africa led to a vicious circle of low quality and out of date facilities in public Not only were they not orientated to the poor but increasingly they were ill-equipped to meet the demands of their former sources of employment. At the same time the apparent weakening of the once traditional technical and industrial focus of training and its replacement by talk of flexible skills learning to learn and life-skills blurred the mandate of public training Meanwhile it became clear that meeting the training needs of the poor and other non-traditional audiences required many more complex types of provision than technical training. Individual and community empowerment and awareness-raising were a great deal more demanding than the transfer of a discrete body of technical training. In respect of the millions of micro-enterprises which had become the focus of attention it was often said that their needs were more related to credit security and markets than to the offer of training. However the re-orientating of this public provision of training towards the poor faced many challenges beyond the dilution and change in the very concept of vocational training. Unlike many industrialised countries where there had been a long history of poverty-focused training it was far from clear that national governments in the developing world held a similar view. Bennell reported on a major World Bank 1996 study of poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa which claimed that less than a quarter of the governments in the region were committed to poverty reduction. Beyond this we need to be aware that the proposed re-orientation of public VET from the small formal sector of the economy towards the informal micro-enterprise economy in urban and rural areas was quite out of the question in budgetary terms. Even quite large countries in Sub-Saharan Africa had minute systems of public The same is true of countries in South Asia where despite very large numbers of poor
