người lao động đã không thuê cũng không quan tâm về vốn để bổ sung thu nhập công nghiệp của mình. Do đó cường độ của đối thủ cạnh tranh của công nhân. Như vậy chỉ cho người lao động là sự tách biệt vốn, điền sản, và lao động một tách không thể tránh khỏi, cần thiết và có hại. | life activity his species-being is the estrangement of man from man. When man confront himself he also confronts other men. What is true of man s relationship to his labour to the product of his labour and to himself is also true of his relationship to other men and to the labour and the object of the labour of other men. In general the proposition that man is estranged from his species-being means that each man is estranged from the others and that all are estranged from man s essence. Man s estrangement like all relationships of man to himself is realized and expressed only in man s relationship to other men. In the relationship of estranged labour each man therefore regards the other in accordance with the standard and the situation in which he as a worker finds himself. We started out from an economic fact the estrangement of the worker and of his production. We gave this fact conceptual form estranged alienated labour. We have analyzed this concept and in so doing merely analyzed an economic fact. Let us now go on to see how the concept of estranged alienated labour must express and present itself in reality. If the product of labour is alien to me and confronts me as an alien power to whom does it then belong To a being other than me. Who is this being The gods It is true that in early times most production . temple building etc. in Egypt India and Mexico was in the service of the gods just as the product belonged to the gods. But the gods alone were never the masters of labour. The same is true of nature. And what a paradox it would be if the more man subjugates nature through his labour and the more divine miracles are made superfluous by the miracles of industry the more he is forced to forgo the joy or production and the enjoyment of the product out of deference to these powers. The alien being to whom labour and the product of labour belong in whose service labour is performed and for whose enjoyment the product of labour is created can be none other
