Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Wertheim cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: tudies on Xenopus laevis intestine reveal biological pathways underlying vertebrate gut adaptation from embryo to adult. | Heimeier et al. Genome Biology 2010 11 R55 http 2010 11 5 R55 w Genome Biology RESEARCH _ Open Access Studies on Xenopus laevis intestine reveal biological pathways underlying vertebrate gut adaptation from embryo to adult Rachel A Heimeier 1 2 Biswajit Das1 Daniel R Buchholz3 Maria Fiorentino1 4 and Yun-Bo Shi 1 Abstract Background To adapt to its changing dietary environment the digestive tract is extensively remodeled from the embryo to the adult during vertebrate development. Xenopus laevis metamorphosis is an excellent model system for studying mammalian gastrointestinal development and is used to determine the genes and signaling programs essential for intestinal development and maturation. Results The metamorphosing intestine can be divided into four distinct developmental time points and these were analyzed with X. laevis microarrays. Due to the high level of conservation in developmental signaling programs and homology to mammalian genes annotations and bioinformatics analysis were based on human orthologs. Clustering of the expression patterns revealed co-expressed genes involved in essential cell processes such as apoptosis and proliferation. The two largest clusters of genes have expression peaks and troughs at the climax of metamorphosis respectively. Novel conserved gene ontology categories regulated during this period include transcriptional activity signal transduction and metabolic processes. Additionally we identified larval embryo- and adult-specific genes. Detailed analysis revealed 17 larval specific genes that may represent molecular markers for human colonic cancers while many adult specific genes are associated with dietary enzymes. Conclusions This global developmental expression study provides the first detailed molecular description of intestinal remodeling and maturation during postembryonic development which should help improve our understanding of intestinal organogenesis and human diseases. This study significantly .
