Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Wertheim cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: Dramatic changes in transcription factor binding over evolutionary time. | Weirauch and Hughes Genome Biology 2010 11 122 http 2010 11 6 122 w Genome Biology RESEARCH HIGHLIGHT L__ Dramatic changes in transcription factor binding over evolutionary time Matthew T Weirauch1 and Timothy R Hughes1 2 Abstract A recent study reveals a surprisingly high degree of change in the occupancy patterns of two transcription factors in the livers of five vertebrates. It is a long standing hypothesis that alterations in transcriptional regulation are a major driving force in evolution and the results of many recent studies offer corroborating evidence reviewed in 1 . Recent studies also indicate that cis-regulatory sequence is the major determinant of differences in transcriptional output among related species as opposed to other influences such as changes in transcription factor TF DNA binding domains other chromatin factors or external signals. Wilson et al. 2 showed that mouse liver cells containing human chromosome 21 read the human DNA in much the same way as do human liver cells with the TFs hepatocyte nuclear factor HNF 1A HNF4A and HNF6 all binding the same chromosome 21 locations that they would in human rather than the locations bound in the orthologous mouse chromosome. However important details have remained elusive including the degree to which regulatory interactions vary between species across the entire genome the types of mutations that are responsible for regulatory changes and whether striking differences in TF binding occupancy are observed more generally among species. In a recent issue of Science Schmidt et al. 3 now show that individual regulatory elements are frequently gained and lost among vertebrates and that local cis-regulatory point mutations can account for much of the evolution of transcriptional regulation. In this study the authors 3 performed chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing ChIP-Seq analysis in Correspondence Wanting and Best Department of Medical Research
