Loạn thị hoặc độ trong suốt của giác mạc, loạn dưỡng giác mạc ống kính cơ thể Iridodialysis nước ngoài (ví dụ, bong bóng không khí, thủy tinh, ký sinh trùng) lớn võng mạc rách võng mạc hoàng điểm thùy u nang chẩm tổn thương Thiếu liên hợp Tonic độ lệch cái nhìn của thư giữa các lĩnh vực mắt trước và các khu vực kết hợp | 92 Neuro-Ophthalmology Argyll Robertson pupils Neurosyphilis Very rarely may cause unilateral miosis Advanced age MAO monoamine oxidase. Diplopia Monocular Diplopia This condition may be psychogenic or may be due to a refractive disturbance in the eye. Astigmatism or opacity of the cornea or lens Corneal dystrophy Iridodialysis Foreign body . air bubbles glass parasites Large retinal tear Retinal macular cyst Occipital lobe lesions Tonic conjugate gaze deviation Lack of correspondence between the frontal eye fields and occipital associative areas Palinopsia Binocular Diplopia If double vision is relieved by occlusion of either eye it is due to malalignment of the visual axes. Extraocular muscle disorders Myasthenia gravis Thyroid orbitopathy Orbital apex trauma with connective tissue and muscle entrapment Orbital myositis Tsementzis Differential Diagnosis in Neurology and Neurosurgery 2000 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. Diplopia 93 Tumors . pituitary adenoma and growth hormone-secret-ing adenoma. The tumors cause enlargement of the extraocular muscles Oculomotor nerve disorders Severe head trauma . sphenoid fractures orbital apex affect the oculomotor nerves temporal bone fractures affect cranial nerves VI and VII Microvascular ischemia Compression - Tumor Associated with diabetes mellitus Meningioma pituitary adenoma with apoplexy metastases particularly from nasopharyngeal carcinoma - Giant intracranial aneurysm Increased intracranial pressure Meningeal infection basal inflammation and carcinomatosis . uncal and tonsillar herniation affecting cranial nerves III and VI Central pathway disorders Internuclear ophthalmoplegia A lesion of the medial longitudinal fasciculus MLF between cranial nerves III and VI produces disconjugate eye movements and diplopia on lateral gaze Skew deviation This is thought to represent damaged otolithic inputs. It occurs frequently with unilateral MLF lesions but may also occur
