co thắt nfantile co thắt bổ ngắn gọn có liên quan đến uốn đầu và bắt cóc mở rộng cánh tay và giây, thường xảy ra trong các cụm từ 1 đến 3 năm tuổi. Có nhiều hình thức có thể xảy ra tùy thuộc vào mức độ tham gia của soma, và thường liên quan đến suy tâm thần. | CHAPTER 4 FIGURE . Infantile spasm noted in second 7 above with an electrodecre-mental response obtained in a 3-year-old child with tuberous sclerosis. Note the high amplitude. Infantile spasms are brief tonic spasms that involve head flexion and arm abduction and extension for seconds usually occurring in clusters between 1 and 3 years of age. There are several forms that may occur depending upon the degree of somatic involvement and are typically associated with mental impairment. The spasms begin with an abrupt generalized electrodecremental response on EEG with generalized attenuation of the background frequencies which may have faster frequencies superimposed lasting from 1 sec to several seconds. 104 Seizures FIGURE . Tonic seizure in a patient with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Tonic seizures are associated with symptomatic generalized epilepsy and are the most common seizure type associated with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Tonic seizures typically have an abrupt onset of a generalized 10-Hz rhythm on EEG. Generalized paroxysmal fast activity is often seen as the associated features on EEG although it may have no apparent clinical features associated with brief bursts that occur during sleep. Low-voltage fast frequencies associated with a generalized attenuation of the background may also be evident during a tonic seizure. 105 CHAPTER 4 FOCAL SEIZURES Focal seizures have a wide variety of EEG abnormalities that may occur depending upon the location of the epileptogenic zone generating the ictal discharge. Some focal seizures have no detectable representation at the surface of the scalp recorded EEG. Furthermore some focal seizures have an ictal pattern that is diffuse and appear falsely generalized in distribution or even appear with subtle or without detectable clinical features. FIGURE . The above EEG shows a simple partial seizure that occurred out of stage 2 sleep. Simple partial seizures are partial seizures that do not involve impairment of .
