Quang mất điều hòa: vụng về hoặc không có khả năng tự đáp ứng với kích thích thị giác, với mislocation trong không gian khi trỏ đến mục tiêu thị giác. ◆ Một sự xáo trộn của sự chú ý thị giác: kết quả trong việc thu hẹp đồng tâm năng động của lĩnh vực có hiệu quả. | 98 Chapter 2 Optic ataxia clumsiness or inability to manually respond to visual stimuli with mislocation in space when pointing to visual targets. A disturbance of visual attention resulting in dynamic concentric narrowing of the effective field. Simultagnosia an inability to recognize the whole picture despite the ability to perceive its parts. Inferior altitudinal field defect not part of Balint syndrome but upper banks of occipital cortex are usually involved. 3 Treatment According to the etiology of stroke. Cavernous sinus syndrome The cavernous sinus is a small but complex structure consisting of a venous plexus carotid artery cranial nerves and sympathetic fibers surrounded by a dural fold. The third fourth cranial nerves as well as the first and second divisions of the trigeminal nerve V1 and V2 lie along the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus whereas the sixth cranial nerve internal carotid artery and the third-order oculosympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion lie more medially. According to the anatomy described above cavernous sinus involvement would be suggested by any combination of unilateral third- fourth- or sixth-nerve dysfunction accompanied by hypesthesia of the forehead cornea or cheek or by Horner syndrome. Various degrees of pain may be involved. Complete interruption of all three ocular motor nerves would result in total ophthalmoplegia ptosis and or mydriasis. Although the classical syndrome of cavernous sinus results from aneurysm or carotico-cavernous fistula the most common causes of cavernous sinus lesions include tumors trauma and infections. Except for sparing of V2 lesions of the superior orbital fissure are clinically difficult to distinguish from those of cavernous sinus and the differentials are similar. In orbital apex syndrome patients present with third- fourth- and sixth-nerve palsies V1 distribution sensory loss oculosympathetic paresis and visual loss due to optic nerve involvement. 1 Tumors Most common cause.
