Tổng kết, hoặc thiết bị đầu cuối, đánh giá diễn ra vào cuối của một quá trình, mô-đun hoặc năm học. Như đã đề cập ở phần đầu của chương trước, mục tiêu có thể được tổng hợp những gì ứng viên có thể làm (tiêu chuẩn tham chiếu). Điều này có thể được thực hiện với sự trợ giúp của một danh sách kiểm tra các kỹ năng hoặc năng lực | 44 Summative assessment Summative or terminal assessment takes place at the end of a module course or academic year. As mentioned at the beginning of the previous chapter the aim may be to sum up what the candidate can do criterion referencing . This might be done with the aid of a checklist of skills or competences and or by reports or profiles. Alternatively the aim may be to grade candidates or place them in a rank order norm referencing . This is usually done by means of an examination designed to differentiate between candidates on the basis of the breadth and depth of their learning. Summative assessment in school and post-school education is in the middle of a turbulent revolution at present. Practice varies from subject to subject but it also varies from year to year for any given subject. I will give only a brief outline of the basic methods here. It is vital that you discover the detailed requirements of assessment for the courses on which you teach and any personal responsibility you may have in this respect. Do this as soon as you know what you are teaching and ask experienced teachers for advice. Methods used for summative assessment a brief outline Profiles Everyone is familiar with the school or college report. Profiles and records of achievement extend reporting to include a systematic coverage of the learner s achievements abilities skills experiences and qualities. As mentioned in the section on self-appraisal in the previous chapter they can be used formatively as well as summatively and are commonly used for both. Like any report or reference they are subjective but they give information which cannot be measured objectively. They typically report only positively and are written by the learner but drafts are agreed by the teacher. They give information on the learner s personal and social development self-awareness and social skills attainment progress and motivation career aspirations interests and hobbies both in and out of school or college .
