Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Wertheim cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: The minimal kinome of Giardia lamblia illuminates early kinase evolution and unique parasite biology. | X Genome Biology The minimal kinome of Giardia lamblia illuminates early kinase evolution and unique parasite biology Manning et al. Manning et al. Genome Biology 2011 12 R66 http 2011 12 7 R66 25 July 2011 BioMed Central Manning et al. Genome Biology 2011 12 R66 http 2011 12 7 R66 Genome Biology RESEARCH Open Access The minimal kinome of Giardia lamblia illuminates early kinase evolution and unique parasite biology 1 2 1 2 r 71 1 5 Gerard Manning David S Reiner Tineke Lauwaet Michael Dacre Alias Smith Yufeng Zhai Staffan Svard and Frances D Gillin2 Abstract Background The major human intestinal pathogen Giardia lamblia is a very early branching eukaryote with a minimal genome of broad evolutionary and biological interest. Results To explore early kinase evolution and regulation of Giardia biology we cataloged the kinomes of three sequenced strains. Comparison with published kinomes and those of the excavates Trichomonas vaginalis and Leishmania major shows that Giardia s 80 core kinases constitute the smallest known core kinome of any eukaryote that can be grown in pure culture reflecting both its early origin and secondary gene loss. Kinase losses in DNA repair mitochondrial function transcription splicing and stress response reflect this reduced genome while the presence of other kinases helps define the kinome of the last common eukaryotic ancestor. Immunofluorescence analysis shows abundant phospho-staining in trophozoites with phosphotyrosine abundant in the nuclei and phosphothreonine and phosphoserine in distinct cytoskeletal organelles. The Nek kinase family has been massively expanded accounting for 198 of the 278 protein kinases in Giardia. Most Neks are catalytically inactive have very divergent sequences and undergo extensive duplication and loss between strains. Many Neks are highly induced during development. We localized four catalytically active Neks to distinct parts of the cytoskeleton and one inactive .
