Thân cây đầy đủ ổn định để cơ bốn đầu một lần được kích thích, bệnh nhân có thể giữ thân trên của mình đứng thẳng trong khi hỗ trợ mình với khung tập đi 9. Thể hiện các cơn co thắt cơ bắp thích hợp để đáp ứng với sự kích thích (không có phản ứng như vậy thường ngụ ý một số tổn thương dưới đây | 16-12 Neuroengineering 8. Adequate trunk stability so that once quadriceps are stimulated the patient can hold his upper trunk upright while supporting himself with a walker 9. Demonstrates appropriate muscle contractions in response to stimulation absence of such response usually implies some lesions below T-12 10. Standing tolerance patient has adequate fatigue tolerance to practice and perform standing and walking functions after initial training 11. Balance and trunk control at least when paraspinals are stimulated 12. Must have adequate hand and finger control or voice control to manipulate the system controls future systems may circumvent the need for finger control via speech recognition to allow patients lacking hand finger control to use the system 13. Sufficient upper body and arm strength to lift oneself up to the walker for a second or two without stimulation and to grasp chair when stimulation is stopped for any reason 14. No severe scoliosis 15. No irreversible contractures 16. No morbid obesity 17. Patient is not pregnant 18. Motivation the patient demonstrates and expresses appropriate desire and commitment to the training program Also interference of stimulation signal with an electronic cardiac pacemaker must be avoided. Contraindications Once the admission criteria above are met no contraindications are known to the author from his personal observations or training experience with approximately 100 patients. Also none are known to have been reported in the literature. Patient Training The experience of this author over twenty-three years of working with patients and of observing Parastep training programs outside his own training program in the use of the Parastep FES system for standing indicates that once the patient satisfies the criteria as above the patient is able to stand and to ambulate if trained properly. Distances and speed vary widely and even distances and speeds well below the averages cited in this chapter may be a .
