Tham khảo tài liệu 'biomimetics - biologically inspired technologies - yoseph bar cohen episode 2 part 7', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 462 Biomimetics Biologically Inspired Technologies the recent years and implants with textured surfaces have been developed in an effort to allow bone to grow into the implant this theoretically has the advantage of allowing much stronger biological cementing. One of the long-term problems after hip replacement is loosening of the components which can result in bone loss and pain. This restricts the use of total hip replacement among younger patients. This happens due to very small plastic particles produced by the wearing of the cup. Recently metal on metal joints have regained popularity and are particularly suited for the hip joint replacement in middle age patients since it gives a much longer lasting results compared to the other hip replacements Dorr et al. 2000 . Parallel developments allowed the development of total knee replacement. Initial attempts were to replace the joint cavity with hinges which can cover the joint space to reduce friction. But problems with loosening and infection frequently occurred. Frank Gunston developed a metal on plastic knee replacement joint in 1968 Gunston 1971 . A three component knee-joint prosthesis was proposed by John Insall in 1972 which covered the femur tibia and the patella and were held in place using cement Ranawat et al. 1975 . This has resulted in the development of the modern knee-joint prosthesis. Currently more than 150 000 knee-joint replacements are undertaken in United States alone Noble et al. 2005 . Similar to the hip prosthesis attempts have been underway in recent years to achieve a cementless joint replacement using biological ability to glue these components together by allowing new bone growth in the roughened surfaces of these devices which then can give strength and eliminate the need for artificial gluing materials that could come loose. BIO-ARTIFICIAL PANCREAS Long standing diabetes mellitus types I and II results due to the inability of the pancreas to secrete insulin. Therapy has been .
