Sau khi làm xói mòn xuyên qua thành xoang, mucocele có thể mở rộng thành những cấu trúc xung quanh. Mucoceles thường xuyên nhất liên quan đến xoang trán, hai xoang sàng và xoang hàm trên (5). Các triệu chứng mucoceles xoang trán hoặc hai xoang sàng có thể gây đau đầu, nhìn đôi, và proptosis. | 272 Schwartz and White sinus wall which leads to bony erosion. After eroding through the sinus wall the mucocele can extend into surrounding structures. Mucoceles most frequently involve the frontal sinus followed by the ethmoid and maxillary sinuses 5 . Symptomatic frontal or ethmoid sinus mucoceles can cause headaches diplopia and proptosis. The proptotic globe is typically displaced downward and outward. Maxillary sinus mucoceles are usually an incidental finding on radiographs of the sinus. Mucoceles in this location rarely cause symptoms because the maxillary sinuses are large and the mucoceles rarely become large enough to cause bony abnormalities. Maxillary sinus mucoceles can become symptomatic if they obstruct the ostium of the maxillary sinus. Mucoceles can also become symptomatic in any sinus when they become infected forming mucopyocele. Diagnosis is usually made by CT of the sinuses. Symptomatic mucoceles are treated with surgical removal and possible sinus obliteration. ORBITAL INFECTIONS Orbital infections can be caused by penetration of the orbit during either surgery or trauma most frequently the result of a bacterial spread is from an infected sinus. As the orbit is bordered by several sinuses the frontal ethmoid and maxillary infection from any of these sinuses can potentially spread to the orbit. The ethmoid sinus is almost exclusively implicated in the spread of infection to the orbit. This is related to the thickness of the sinus wall lining the orbit. The thinner the wall the easier is for infection to spread through it. The ethmoid sinus has the thinnest wall the lamina papyracea which lines the lateral wall of the sinus and the medial wall of the orbit. Most orbital infections are therefore on the medial side of the orbit. Although much less common the thicker wall sinuses can also be the source of an orbital infection. Once infection has spread past the sinus wall the periosteal lining of the sinus wall serves as an additional barrier to .
