Thoát vị theo định nghĩa liên quan đến một khiếm khuyết trong fascia và dạng lồi (tiềm năng) của một cơ quan và / hoặc mô thông qua việc mở bất thường. Áp lực tích cực xuất hiện trong ổ bụng, các biến thể giải phẫu | This is trial version 26 Hernia Surgery Christine Bartus MD and David Giles MD Contents Introduction Indications for Surgery Contraindications to Surgery Operations for Hernia Repair Tissue Repair Postoperative Course Complications Femoral Hernias Ventral Hernia Operative Repair and Techniques Postoperative Course Complications Cost of Procedures Summary References INTRODUCTION A hernia by definition involves a defect in the fascia and the potential for protrusion of an organ and or tissue through the abnormal opening. The positive pressure present within the abdominal cavity individual anatomic variations in structure biochemical differences in collagen and interstitial matrix composition chronic injury and trauma including surgical singly or in combination account for the pathobiology of most hernias 1 . The incidence and prevalence of groin hernias are poorly documented. Estimates of the prevalence of groin hernias suggest their presence in 2-4 percent of the overall population. Men are 5-10 times more likely to have an inguinal hernia than women. The elderly have an incidence at least twice that of younger adults and it is increased in smokers as well. In 1996 an estimated 700 000 operations for groin hernias were performed in the United States 2 3 . From Clinical Gastroenterology An Internist s Illustrated Guide to Gastrointestinal Surgery Edited by George Y. Wu Khalid Aziz and Giles F. Whalen Humana Press Inc. Totowa NJ This is trial version 311 312 Bartus and Giles In the course of fetal development in the male the testes migrate from the abdomen into the scrotum with the blood supply and vas deferens following the testicle coming to lie in the line of decent of the testis. Remnants of the process vaginalis allow for herniation of the bowel through the deep or internal inguinal ring and may also be present as hydroceles. The inguinal canal is the passageway by which the spermatic cord leaves the abdomen to reach the testis .
