Plasma Mô tả lỏng được lưu giữ tại 60 ◦ C trong 10 h, với một chất ổn định được thêm vào hoặc đông khô protein giữ ở 50-70 ◦ C lên đến 144 h ở 80 C 72 h 10 h ở 60 ◦ C 1160 mbar Alkyl phốt phát và ◦ chất tẩy rửa gia tăng | Blood Banking 233 Table Methods of pathogen elimination or inactivation. Method Description Kills what and what not Used for what kind of blood products Pasteurization PI Steaming PI Liquid plasma kept at 60 C for 10 h with a stabilizer added or lyophilized protein kept at 50-70 C up to 144 h or at 80 Cfor72h 10 h at 60 C at 1160 mbar Kills a wide range of enveloped and nonenveloped viruses Solvent-detergent SD PI Irradiation PI Cold sterilization PI Alcohol fractionation PI Leukocyte reduction PE Alkyl phosphates and detergents added With Y-rays or UV light fl-Propiolactone and UV light Reduces viruses Filtration step in blood production process Kills viruses with lipid envelopes does not kill viruses without envelopes . HAV parvovirus B19 bacteria prions Platelets unfractionated and fractionated plasma SD-FFP tests in blood pools Nanofiltration PE Immunoaffinity chromatography PE Filter retains viruses Keeps only proteins back reduces viruses . parvovirus B19 Methylene blue MB Binds to proteins and nucleic acids Kills retroviruses herpes MB-FFP platelets not used activated by natural light activated by natural light viruses West Nile virus any more for phenothiazine color denaturalized bound molecules lipid enveloped coagulation proteins PI may be cancerogenous viruses does not kill intracellular viruses bacteria prions not usable for red cells light absorbed by red color tests in single donor aliquots Psoralen S-59 with Inactivates HIV HCV S-59-UVA-FFP platelet ultraviolet A UVA -light exposure PI Gentian violet PI In endemic regions parasite reduction for Chagas disease cave side effects bacteria inactivates T-cells GvHD concentrates PI pathogen inactivation PE pathogen elimination FFP fresh frozen plasma GvHD graft-versus-host disease. Faults of the safety layers The above-mentioned safety layers are all designed to increase the safety of the blood supply. However there are major flaws in each of them. The detection and exclusion of donors at risk .
