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Heavy Metals in the Environment: Using Wetlands for Their Removal - Chapter 3

Trong chương này chúng ta xem xét một số những gì được biết về lãnh đạo và mối quan hệ của nó với các vùng đất ngập nước. Các nhóm được bố trí hơi theo thứ tự thời gian. các khai thác và sử dụng chì bắt đầu vào đầu xã hội và mới hơn được phát triển thành ngành công nghiệp chính. Một sự hiểu biết khoa học của hóa học của dẫn phát triển nghiên cứu trong thế kỷ 19 và 20. Công nghiệp công nghệ phát triển cho tập trung dẫn. Nhận biết sớm. ảnh hưởng đến sức khỏe đã được chứng minh với các nghiên cứu. | CHAPTER 3 Background of Published Studies on Lead and Wetlands CONTENTS Mining and Use of Lead.30 Relevant Chemistry of Lead.31 Lead and Humic Substance.31 Leaching Procedure for Testing Toxicity.32 Lead Toxicity and Health.32 Sources of Lead.33 Lead Distribution in the Environment.33 Lead in the Atmosphere.34 Lead in Waters and Sediments.34 Lead on Land.35 Lead in Soils.35 Lead in Plants.36 Lead Uptake by Other Organisms.37 Absence of Lead Concentration by the Food Chain.38 Lead with Wastewater Irrigation.38 Lead with Sewage Sludge Application.38 Release of Lead from Sediments into Waters.39 Lead in Wetlands.39 Physical Filtration.41 Absorption on the Negative Charges of Organic Matter and Clays.41 Precipitation as Insoluble Lead Sulfide Where Oxygen Is Low.42 Combination with Peat and Humic Substances by Complexation.42 Heavy Metals in Florida Wetlands.42 Methods of Heavy Metals Removal.43 Bioremediation.43 Precipitation and Coagulation.44 Filtration.45 Adsorption.45 Activated Sludge.45 Reprocessing of Lead Wastes through Smelters.46 Evaluation of Alternatives for Lead Processing.46 Simulation Models of Heavy Metals.46 29 2000 by CRC Press LLC 30 HEAVY METALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT USING WETLANDS FOR THEIR REMOVAL In this chapter we review some of what is known about lead and its relation to wetlands. Headings are arranged somewhat chronologically. The mining and use of lead began in early society and later developed into the lead industry. A scientific understanding of the chemistry of lead developed with research in the 19th and 20th centuries. Industrial technology developed for concentrating lead. Early recognition of the effects on health was proven with medical studies. After greatly increased uses of lead developed with civilization chemical analytic methods made possible analysis of the concentrations and movements of lead in the environment. Data on lead concentrations and toxicity identified places of human and environmental health risk. Then measures were