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Bioplastics for food packaging: A review

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In the past years, various studies have been done on biodegradable materials to replace petroleum based plastics for food packaging application. For this purpose, biopolymers are considered the most favorable material because of their biodegradable nature and long shelf life properties like resistance to chemical or enzymatic reactions. Keeping in view the non-renewable nature and waste disposal problem of petroleum based plastics; newer concept of use of bioplastics came into existence. Bioplastics are derived from renewable resources i.e. produced from agro/food sources, materials such as starch, cellulose, protein etc. used for packaging materials and which are considered safe to be used in food applications. Bioplastics made from renewable sources are compostable or degradable by the enzymatic action of micro-organisms and gets hydrolysed into CO2, CH4, inorganic compounds or biomass. The beneficial uses of bio-origin materials obtained from microbial fermentations, starch and cellulose has led to their immense innovative uses in food packaging in the last few years. The biodegradable packaging materials are highly beneficial in one time use or short-duration packaging requirements. The main function of biodegradables like any other packaging material is to protect the contents from surrounding and maintain its quality throughout the storage life.