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Chemistry part 22, Julia Burdge,2e (2009)

Physica l Properties of Solutions Setup Because the vo lume of the solution described is 1 L, thenumber of moles is also the molarity for each solute. R = 0.08206 L . atm/mol . K, T in Ringer's lactate are as follows: NaCI(s) KCI(s) CaCI 2 (s) NaCH 3CH2COO(s) = 310 K, and the van't Hoff factors for the solutes. | 526 CHAPTER 13 Physical Properties of Solutions Setup Because the volume of the solution described is I L the number of moles is also the molarity for each solute. R 0.08206 L atm mol K T 310 K and the van t Hoff factors for the solutes in Ringer s lactate are as follows NaCl s Na aq - b Cl aq i 2 KCl s K aç Cl- a i 2 CaCl2 5 - Ca2 a 2C1 7 i 3 NaCH3CH2COO 5 Na acf - b CH3CH2COO z-2 Think About It Rinser s lactate is isotonic with human plasma which is often the case with fluids administered intravenously. Solution The total concentration of ions in solution is the sum of the individual concentrations. total concentration 2 NaCl 2 KC1 3 MgCl2 2 NaCH3CH2COO 2 0.102 M 2 4 X 10-3 M 3 1.5 X 10-3 A 2 2.8 X 10 2AT 2.73 X 10 1 M 77 MRT 0.273 A7 0.08206 L atm mol K 310 K 6.93 atm Practice Problem A Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution that is 0.200 M in glucose and 0.100 M in sodium chloride at 37.0 C. Assume no ion pairing. Practice Problem B Determine the concentration of an aqueous solution that has an osmotic pressure of 5.6 atm at 37 C if a the solute is glucose and b the solute is sodium chloride. Assume no ion pairing. To review Vapor-pressure lowering depends on concentration expressed as mole fraction Boiling-point elevation depends on concentration expressed as molality m. Freezing-point depression depends on concentration expressed as molality m. Osmotic pressure depends on concentration expressed as molarity M. Checkpoint 13.5 Colligative Properties 13.5.1 A solution contains 75.0 g of glucose molar mass 180.2 g mol in 425 g of water. Determine the vapor pressure of water over the solution at 35 C. T h-.o 42.2 mmHg at 35 C. a 0.732 mmHg b 42.9 mmHg c 243 mmHg d 41.5 mmHg e 42.2 mmHg 13.5.2 Determine the boiling point and the freezing point of a solution prepared by dissolving 678 g of glucose in 2.0 kg of water. For water Kb 0.52 C m and Kf 1.86 C m. a 101 C and 3.5 C b 99 C and -3.5 C c 101 C and -3.5 C d 112 C and 6.2 C e 88 C and 6.2 C 13.5.3 .