Phân tích của ô nhiễm không khí Vốn cổ đông Ô nhiễm không khí là một trong những mối quan tâm về môi trường đầu tiên và có lẽ là vấn đề đầu tiên để phân tích vốn chủ sở hữu. Trong chương trước, chúng tôi đã thảo luận lý thuyết và phương pháp để phân tích công lý môi trường, một số trong đó được xem xét trong bối cảnh ô nhiễm không khí. Trong chương này, chúng ta bắt đầu với một tổng quan về các nguồn ô nhiễm không khí, tiêu chuẩn chất lượng không khí xung quanh,. | 10 Equity Analysis of Air Pollution Air pollution is one of the earliest environmental concerns and is perhaps the earliest issue for equity analysis. In previous chapters we have discussed theories and methods for environmental justice analysis some of which are examined in the context of air pollution. In this chapter we begin with a brief overview of air pollutant sources ambient air quality standards and health impacts. Then we review theories and methods for analyzing the relationship between air pollution distribution and population distribution and we summarize evidence obtained in previous air pollution studies. Chapter 9 presented integrated urban models and their potential applications to environmental justice analysis. In this chapter we discuss an application of the spatial interaction modeling approach to testing environmental inequity in the Los Angeles and Houston metropolitan areas. Finally we examine the distributional impacts of national ambient air quality standards. AIR QUALITY Conventional air pollutants come from stationary sources such as fuel combustion and industrial processes mobile sources such as cars and trucks and natural systems. Table shows total emissions of six criteria air pollutants from major sources nationwide in 1997. Industrial facilities and mobile sources also release toxins to air see Table . The quantity of emission is only one factor for determining eventual environmental impacts. Weather conditions and topography are particularly important for fate and transport dispersion of air pollutants. Other factors include the location of emission time and temporal patterns of emission and height and other characteristics of stacks. All these variables contribute to the distributional patterns of ambient air quality concentrations locally regionally and globally. In the . ambient air quality varies widely among different regions of the country and between urban and rural areas see Table . Air pollutants have
