Một sự hiểu biết của bất kỳ kỷ luật phải bao gồm một sự hiểu biết và sự hiểu biết của từ được sử dụng trong vòng kỷ luật, và các lý thuyết về bức xạ không là ngoại lệ. | 1 CHAPTER 1 DEFINITIONS OF AND RELATIONS BETWEEN QUANTITIES USED IN RADIATION THEORY Introduction An understanding of any discipline must include a familiarity with and understanding of the words used within that discipline and the theory of radiation is no exception. The theory of radiation includes such words as radiant flux intensity irradiance radiance exitance source function and several others and it is necessary to understand the meanings of these quantities and the relations between them. The meanings of most of the more commonly encountered quantities and the symbols recommended to represent them have been agreed upon and standardized by a number of bodies including the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurement the American Illuminating Engineering Society the Royal Society of London and the International Standards Organization. It is rather unfortunate that many astronomers appear not to follow these conventions and frequent usages of words such as flux and intensity and the symbols and units used for them are found in astronomical literature that differ substantially from usage that is standard in most other disciplines within the physical sciences. In this chapter I use the standard terms but I point out when necessary where astronomical usage sometimes differs. In particular I shall discuss the astronomical usage of the words intensity and flux which differs from standard usage in sections and . Standard usage also calls for SI units although the older CGS units are still to be found in astronomical writings. Except when dealing with electrical units this usually gives rise to little difficulty to anyone who is aware that 1 watt 107 erg s-1. Where electrical units are concerned the situation is much less simple. Radiant Flux or Radiant Power F or P. This is simply the rate at which energy is radiated from a source in watts. It is particularly unfortunate that even .
