Tham khảo tài liệu 'current issues of water management part 16', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Water Soft Path Analysis - Jordan Case 289 However instead total water withdrawals began to stabilize in the 1970s and 1980s in and construction activities began to slow. More recently the economic costs of the traditional hard path have also risen to levels that society now seems unwilling or unable to bear. Similarly as large-infrastructure solutions have become less attractive new ideas are being developed and tried and some old ideas are being revived such as rainwater harvesting and integrated land and water management. These alternative approaches must be woven together to offer a comprehensive toolbox of possible solutions Gliek 2003 . Experiences with actual soft path analyses Soft path analysis as a detailed and rigorous method was initially developed around energy alternatives. Soft path analysis as a methodology was initially developed in the 1970s in a search for alternatives to conventional energy policy by Lovins. Its normative base was clear from the start. The early work was done within Friends of the Earth USA partly as a way to counter the then-growing drive to build nuclear power plants Brooks 2005 . By the end of the 1970s articles on soft energy paths were appearing in professional journals and several books had been published. By the middle of the 1980s the methodology could be considered proven some 35 soft energy path studies had been published for various nations or regions of the world. Canadians were among the leaders in seeing the potential for soft energy paths and Friends of the Earth Canada provided the base for some of the developmental work and later for four iterations of soft energy path analysis on Canada including a 12 volume report by Brooks Robinson and Torrie in 1983 and a more popular book by Bott Brooks and Robinson in 1983. Methodological guides were also made available Brooks 2004 . Though no nation or state whole heartedly accepted soft path conclusions as guiding principles their impact was quite evident in policies
