Các nguyên nhân gây suy hô hấp trong một đứa trẻ đã bị chấn thương là gì? Suy hô hấp có thể xảy ra như là kết quả của một chấn thương não, tắc nghẽn đường hô hấp trên sau chấn thương, tổn thương bức tường phổi hoặc ngực, hoặc thậm chí chấn thương trong ổ bụng với hạn chế chuyển động của các | CHAPTER 2 Recognition of Shock and Respiratory Failure 17 o Describe the signs you expect to see in cardiopulmonary failure. A child in cardiopulmonary failure presents with global deficits in oxygenation ventilation and perfusion. This patient may be cyanotic bradycardic and severely hypoperfused. This very ominous constellation of clinical signs immediately precedes a complete cardiopulmonary arrest. o What should you do for this patient A child who presents in cardiopulmonary failure requires the immediate establishment of a patent airway initiation of assisted ventilation administration of l00 oxygen and vascular access for fluid resuscitation and medications. o What are the causes of respiratory failure in a child who has suffered trauma Respiratory failure may occur as a result of an injury to the brain upper airway obstruction following trauma injury to the lung or chest wall or even intra-abdominal injury with restriction of movement of the diaphragm. o What traumatic chest injuries may result in respiratory failure Pneumothorax hemothorax pulmonary contusion and flail chest. o What are the major causes of hemorrhagic shock Trauma injuries to solid organs liver or splenic laceration hemothorax fractures of large bones femur fracture pelvic fracture and intracranial injury with hemorrhage or large soft tissue lacerations scalp laceration are all sources of significant blood loss. o What are some of the complications associated with burns in young children Significant fluid loss through the burn and extravascular tissue occurs in children with burns in excess of l0 of the total body surface area. Inhalation injury from toxins and thermal injury may cause upper airway obstruction or respiratory failure and carbon monoxide poisoning. o What is epiglottitis Epiglottitis is an invasive bacterial disease causing inflammation and edema of the epiglottis and a common cause of severe upper airway obstruction in children. Now it is more common in adults. o What are .
