Diseases of the gallbladder and bile ducts are common and major focuses in gastroenterology, oncology, radiology, nuclear medicine, and surgery. These past two decades have brought numerous new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities ranging from mini-invasive procedures such as complex endoscopic or laparoscopic procedures to new techniques of liver transplantation. Major advances have also been made in the understanding of the pathogenesis of a variety of conditions and the natural history of previously unclear entities
