The paper examines the origins of Paediatrics in Spain since 1600. It mentions some of the main pioneers for the speciality highlighting the role of, among others, Jerónimo Soriano, considered the forefather of the speciality in Spain. It looks at the factors that gradually contributed to the beginnings of Paediatrics as a specific branch, distinct from General Medicine and Obstetrics, explaining the slow but spectacular advances in Paediatrics to date. Of particular note are the contributions of Luis Mercado, Andrés Martínez Vargas, Ángel Ballabriga Aguado, Manuel Cruz Hernández and Juan Rodríguez Soriano, among others. It emphasises the late.
